Aviation accounts for about 3% of the world’s CO2e emissions, approximately 915 million tonnes of CO2e per year, which will continue to increase based on growth in the sector. Organisations such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA) have committed to reaching net-zero emissions by 2050. Multiple approaches will be needed to reach this goal, including sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), new technologies (e.g., electric and hydrogen aircraft), infrastructure and operational efficiencies (e.g., optimised air traffic management), carbon offsets, and carbon capture. Regardless of the potential contribution from new technologies and operational efficiencies, there is a consensus that SAF use will make the biggest contribution to emissions reductions.

Emissions in the sector are driven by conventional jet fuel. Minimizing fuel consumption can contribute to emissions reductions, but its impact will be limited while using it. By switching to a source of renewable and sustainable aviation fuel, more substantial emissions reductions can be obtained. The aviation sector, unlike ground transportation, has limited options for decarbonization and is therefore uniquely reliant on sustainable fuels.