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Types of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) and Technology Pathways

Did You Know Only One SAF Technology Is Fully Commercial Today?

From HEFA to Gasification-FT, SAF pathways vary in readiness and scalability. This document explains which technologies are certified for flight—and which are still on the runway.
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There are numerous technologies that can produce SAF using a variety of different feedstocks. As of 2025, only one technology is fully commercial, namely the HEFA pathway based on the hydrotreatment of oils and fats. Achieving the commercialisation of other technologies is a key challenge in expanding the production and availability of SAF. Every technology pathway must be certified by a body such as ASTM before it can be used in aircraft.

There are numerous technology pathways to produce SAF from multiple feedstocks, and the most prominent routes are shown in the diagram below (more information can be found by clicking on the links in the table and in the following brief).

Download the guide to SAF technologies and explore the fuel pathways powering the future of flight.

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C-SAF seeks to facilitate and accelerate the commercial deployment of SAF in Canada.

The Council has established a platform for the SAF value chain to collaborate, connect and create innovative solutions to increase the scale and use of SAF in Canada. Join us today to get in contact and collaborate with different stakeholders working together to foster innovation, production, and use of SAF in Canada and in the rest of the world.

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